NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has captured a stunning new image of a galaxy that’s over twice the size of our Milky Way.
According to NASA, the gigantic elliptical galaxy (dubbed NGC 474) sits about 100 million light-years from Earth, toward the constellation of Pisces. And its size stretches almost 250,000 light-years across – which is 2.5 times larger than our own Milky Way galaxy. Last week, NASA released a rare, close-up view of NGC 474’s central region, captured by the Hubble telescope’s “superb sharp eye.”
“Images like this are showing the complexity and activity of galaxies.” Hubble’s senior project scientist Dr. Jennifer Wiseman told USA TODAY in an emailed statement. In addition to its massive size, NGC 474 is unique because it has a series of complex, layered shells of dust and gas that surround its core. How exactly the shells formed is still unknown, but astronomers believe that they may have resulted from the galaxy absorbing one or more smaller galaxies over time.
Thanks to the Hubble telescope, Wiseman explained, astronomers know that galaxies have frequently merged with their neighbors by mutual gravitational pulls throughout cosmic history. And the long merger process, which can take billions of years, creates a much larger merged galaxy and often sparks a “frenzy of star formation as gas within the region is stirred up and compressed.” While NGC 474 is an elliptical galaxy (and among the only 10% of elliptical galaxies with shell structures), numerous types of modern galaxies are also the products of previous mergers. Our spiral Milky Way, for example, experienced mergers but ended in a different structure.
